Myeloperoxidase Is Associated with Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Overweight Subjects with First-Degree Relatives with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND: Family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of risk factors for that in future a subject can develop diabetes. Insulin resistance (IR) is important in the pathogenesis of T2DM. There is evidence that oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiology and/or progression of diabetes. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) participates in developing of inflammation. The objective was to investigate if MPO is associated with IR and inflammation in individuals with first-degree relatives of T2DM. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 84 overweight individuals with family history of T2DM divided in two groups according to IR, group with IR (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA] > or =2.5; n=43) and control group (CG; HOMA <2.5; n=41). Complete clinical history and a venous blood sample were collected for measuring glucose and lipids profile, insulin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), MPO, glutathione reductase (GRd), glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. RESULTS: MPO, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 were higher in patients with IR than in CG (MPO: 308.35 [190.85 to 445.42] vs. 177.35 [104.50 to 279.85], P=0.0001; TNF-alpha: 13.46 [10.58 to 18.88] vs. 9.39 [7.53 to 11.25], P=0.0001; IL-6: 32.93 [24.93 to 38.27] vs. 15.60 [12.93 to 26.27]; P=0.0001, respectively). MPO was associated with IR (rho de Spearman=0.362, P=0.001). In the analysis of lineal regression, MPO predicts IR (beta, 0.263; t, 2.520; P=0.014). In the univariate analysis, MPO had an odds ratio of 9.880 for risk of IR (95% confidence interval, 2.647 to 36.879). CONCLUSION: MPO had relation with IR and inflammation parameters in overweight subjects with first-degree relatives of T2DM. We need studies on a casual relationship and molecular mechanisms among the increased serum MPO levels, inflammation markers, and IR.

Association between angiotensin-1 converting enzyme gene olymorphism and the metabolic syndrome in a Mexican opulation

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is recognized as a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors. All components of MS have a genetic base. Genes of the renin angiotensin system are potential candidate genes for MS. We investigated whether angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism increases susceptibility to MS as an entity in a Mexican population. In a cross-sectional study, 514 individuals were studied including 245 patients with MS and 269 subjects without MS criteria. ACE gene polymorphism was detected using PCR. MS was defined according to The National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) criteria, except that the raised fasting plasma glucose >or=100 mg/dl criterion for identification of intolerance fasting glucose was modified in accordance with the suggestion of the American Diabetes Association. Patients with MS were significantly different from subjects without MS in relation to mean body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol (C), triglycerides, HDL-C, and LDL-C (P<0.0001). The differences in the mean BMI, WC, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C were maintained in patients with the MS and DD genotypes (P<0.01). The DD genotype was strongly associated with MS (adjusted OR=5.48, 95% CI 3.20-9.38, P<0.0001). We concluded that the DD genotype increases susceptibility to MS in a Mexican population. These results indicate that pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment and a reduction in body fat will have important therapeutic implications in this disease.